Intelligence offsets Martin Luther is credited with starting what is commonly known as the Reformation movement, 501 years ago. On 31 October 1517 Luther nailed his Ninety-five Theses to the door of the chapel in Wittenberg, Germany. Number 82 blasted the idea of ‘papal indulgences,’ in which people were allowed to pay money in order to gain forgiveness of sins, either their own sins or the sins of those who had already died, and were ostensibly suffering in purgatory.